diff --git a/config.def.h b/config.def.h
index 17b7699..0fa9be9 100644
--- a/config.def.h
+++ b/config.def.h
@@ -265,6 +265,8 @@ static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.i = -1} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.i = -1} },
 };
 
 /*
diff --git a/st.c b/st.c
index e4a6bfb..bd8adeb 100644
--- a/st.c
+++ b/st.c
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@
 #define CAR_PER_ARG   4
 #define STR_BUF_SIZ   ESC_BUF_SIZ
 #define STR_ARG_SIZ   ESC_ARG_SIZ
+#define HISTSIZE      2000
+#define RESIZEBUFFER  1000
 
 /* macros */
 #define IS_SET(flag)		((term.mode & (flag)) != 0)
@@ -46,6 +48,38 @@
 #define STRESCARGREST(n)	((n) == 0 ? strescseq.buf : strescseq.argp[(n)-1] + 1)
 #define STRESCARGJUST(n)	(*(strescseq.argp[n]) = '\0', STRESCARGREST(n))
 
+#define TLINE(y) ( \
+	(y) < term.scr ? term.hist[(term.histi + (y) - term.scr + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE] \
+	               : term.line[(y) - term.scr] \
+)
+
+#define TLINEABS(y) ( \
+	(y) < 0 ? term.hist[(term.histi + (y) + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE] : term.line[(y)] \
+)
+
+#define UPDATEWRAPNEXT(alt, col) do { \
+	if ((term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT) && term.c.x + term.wrapcwidth[alt] < col) { \
+		term.c.x += term.wrapcwidth[alt]; \
+		term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT; \
+	} \
+} while (0);
+
+#define TLINE(y) ( \
+	(y) < term.scr ? term.hist[(term.histi + (y) - term.scr + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE] \
+	               : term.line[(y) - term.scr] \
+)
+
+#define TLINEABS(y) ( \
+	(y) < 0 ? term.hist[(term.histi + (y) + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE] : term.line[(y)] \
+)
+
+#define UPDATEWRAPNEXT(alt, col) do { \
+	if ((term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT) && term.c.x + term.wrapcwidth[alt] < col) { \
+		term.c.x += term.wrapcwidth[alt]; \
+		term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT; \
+	} \
+} while (0);
+
 enum term_mode {
 	MODE_WRAP        = 1 << 0,
 	MODE_INSERT      = 1 << 1,
@@ -56,6 +90,12 @@ enum term_mode {
 	MODE_UTF8        = 1 << 6,
 };
 
+enum scroll_mode {
+	SCROLL_RESIZE = -1,
+	SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST = 0,
+	SCROLL_SAVEHIST = 1
+};
+
 enum cursor_movement {
 	CURSOR_SAVE,
 	CURSOR_LOAD
@@ -117,7 +157,11 @@ typedef struct {
 	int row;      /* nb row */
 	int col;      /* nb col */
 	Line *line;   /* screen */
-	Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
+	Line hist[HISTSIZE]; /* history buffer */
+	int histi;           /* history index */
+	int histf;           /* nb history available */
+	int scr;             /* scroll back */
+	int wrapcwidth[2];   /* used in updating WRAPNEXT when resizing */
 	int *dirty;   /* dirtyness of lines */
 	TCursor c;    /* cursor */
 	int ocx;      /* old cursor col */
@@ -177,26 +221,37 @@ static void tprinter(char *, size_t);
 static void tdumpsel(void);
 static void tdumpline(int);
 static void tdump(void);
-static void tclearregion(int, int, int, int);
+static void tclearregion(int, int, int, int, int);
 static void tcursor(int);
+static void tclearglyph(Glyph *, int);
+static void tresetcursor(void);
 static void tdeletechar(int);
 static void tdeleteline(int);
 static void tinsertblank(int);
 static void tinsertblankline(int);
-static int tlinelen(int);
+static int tlinelen(Line len);
+static int tiswrapped(Line line);
+static char *tgetglyphs(char *, const Glyph *, const Glyph *);
+static size_t tgetline(char *, const Glyph *);
 static void tmoveto(int, int);
 static void tmoveato(int, int);
 static void tnewline(int);
 static void tputtab(int);
 static void tputc(Rune);
 static void treset(void);
-static void tscrollup(int, int);
+static void tscrollup(int, int, int, int);
 static void tscrolldown(int, int);
+static void treflow(int, int);
+static void rscrolldown(int);
+static void tresizedef(int, int);
+static void tresizealt(int, int);
 static void tsetattr(const int *, int);
 static void tsetchar(Rune, const Glyph *, int, int);
 static void tsetdirt(int, int);
 static void tsetscroll(int, int);
 static void tswapscreen(void);
+static void tloaddefscreen(int, int);
+static void tloadaltscreen(int, int);
 static void tsetmode(int, int, const int *, int);
 static int twrite(const char *, int, int);
 static void tfulldirt(void);
@@ -210,7 +265,10 @@ static void tstrsequence(uchar);
 static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
 
 static void selnormalize(void);
-static void selscroll(int, int);
+static void selscroll(int, int, int);
+static void selmove(int);
+static void selremove(void);
+static int regionselected(int, int, int, int);
 static void selsnap(int *, int *, int);
 
 static size_t utf8decode(const char *, Rune *, size_t);
@@ -437,17 +495,46 @@ selinit(void)
 }
 
 int
-tlinelen(int y)
+tlinelen(Line line)
 {
-	int i = term.col;
+	int i = term.col - 1;
 
-	if (term.line[y][i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
-		return i;
+	for (; i >= 0 && !(line[i].mode & (ATTR_SET | ATTR_WRAP)); i--);
+	return i + 1;
+}
 
-	while (i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].u == ' ')
-		--i;
+int
+tiswrapped(Line line)
+{
+	int len = tlinelen(line);
 
-	return i;
+	return len > 0 && (line[len - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP);
+}
+
+char *
+tgetglyphs(char *buf, const Glyph *gp, const Glyph *lgp)
+{
+	while (gp <= lgp)
+		if (gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
+			gp++;
+		} else {
+			buf += utf8encode((gp++)->u, buf);
+		}
+	return buf;
+}
+
+size_t
+tgetline(char *buf, const Glyph *fgp)
+{
+	char *ptr;
+	const Glyph *lgp = &fgp[term.col - 1];
+
+	while (lgp > fgp && !(lgp->mode & (ATTR_SET | ATTR_WRAP)))
+		lgp--;
+	ptr = tgetglyphs(buf, fgp, lgp);
+	if (!(lgp->mode & ATTR_WRAP))
+		*(ptr++) = '\n';
+	return ptr - buf;
 }
 
 void
@@ -487,10 +574,11 @@ selextend(int col, int row, int type, int done)
 
 	sel.oe.x = col;
 	sel.oe.y = row;
-	selnormalize();
 	sel.type = type;
+	selnormalize();
 
-	if (oldey != sel.oe.y || oldex != sel.oe.x || oldtype != sel.type || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
+	if (oldey != sel.oe.y || oldex != sel.oe.x ||
+	    oldtype != sel.type || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
 		tsetdirt(MIN(sel.nb.y, oldsby), MAX(sel.ne.y, oldsey));
 
 	sel.mode = done ? SEL_IDLE : SEL_READY;
@@ -517,43 +605,50 @@ selnormalize(void)
 	/* expand selection over line breaks */
 	if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
 		return;
-	i = tlinelen(sel.nb.y);
-	if (i < sel.nb.x)
+
+  i = tlinelen(TLINE(sel.nb.y));
+	if (sel.nb.x > i)
 		sel.nb.x = i;
-	if (tlinelen(sel.ne.y) <= sel.ne.x)
-		sel.ne.x = term.col - 1;
+  if (sel.ne.x >= tlinelen(TLINE(sel.ne.y)))
+    sel.ne.x = term.col - 1;
+}
+
+int
+regionselected(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+{
+	if (sel.ob.x == -1 || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY ||
+	    sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN) || sel.nb.y > y2 || sel.ne.y < y1)
+		return 0;
+
+	return (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) ? sel.nb.x <= x2 && sel.ne.x >= x1
+		: (sel.nb.y != y2 || sel.nb.x <= x2) &&
+		  (sel.ne.y != y1 || sel.ne.x >= x1);
 }
 
 int
 selected(int x, int y)
 {
-	if (sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY || sel.ob.x == -1 ||
-			sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
-		return 0;
-
-	if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
-		return BETWEEN(y, sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y)
-		    && BETWEEN(x, sel.nb.x, sel.ne.x);
-
-	return BETWEEN(y, sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y)
-	    && (y != sel.nb.y || x >= sel.nb.x)
-	    && (y != sel.ne.y || x <= sel.ne.x);
+	return regionselected(x, y, x, y);
 }
 
 void
 selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 {
 	int newx, newy, xt, yt;
+	int rtop = 0, rbot = term.row - 1;
 	int delim, prevdelim;
 	const Glyph *gp, *prevgp;
 
+	if (!IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		rtop += -term.histf + term.scr, rbot += term.scr;
+
 	switch (sel.snap) {
 	case SNAP_WORD:
 		/*
 		 * Snap around if the word wraps around at the end or
 		 * beginning of a line.
 		 */
-		prevgp = &term.line[*y][*x];
+		prevgp = &TLINE(*y)[*x];
 		prevdelim = ISDELIM(prevgp->u);
 		for (;;) {
 			newx = *x + direction;
@@ -561,24 +656,24 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 			if (!BETWEEN(newx, 0, term.col - 1)) {
 				newy += direction;
 				newx = (newx + term.col) % term.col;
-				if (!BETWEEN(newy, 0, term.row - 1))
+				if (!BETWEEN(newy, rtop, rbot))
 					break;
 
 				if (direction > 0)
 					yt = *y, xt = *x;
 				else
 					yt = newy, xt = newx;
-				if (!(term.line[yt][xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
+				if (!(TLINE(yt)[xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
 					break;
 			}
 
-			if (newx >= tlinelen(newy))
+			if (newx >= tlinelen(TLINE(newy)))
 				break;
 
-			gp = &term.line[newy][newx];
+			gp = &TLINE(newy)[newx];
 			delim = ISDELIM(gp->u);
-			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim
-					|| (delim && gp->u != prevgp->u)))
+			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim ||
+			    (delim && !(gp->u == ' ' && prevgp->u == ' '))))
 				break;
 
 			*x = newx;
@@ -595,18 +690,14 @@ selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 		 */
 		*x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
 		if (direction < 0) {
-			for (; *y > 0; *y += direction) {
-				if (!(term.line[*y-1][term.col-1].mode
-						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
+			for (; *y > rtop; *y -= 1) {
+				if (!tiswrapped(TLINE(*y-1)))
 					break;
-				}
 			}
 		} else if (direction > 0) {
-			for (; *y < term.row-1; *y += direction) {
-				if (!(term.line[*y][term.col-1].mode
-						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
+			for (; *y < rbot; *y += 1) {
+				if (!tiswrapped(TLINE(*y)))
 					break;
-				}
 			}
 		}
 		break;
@@ -617,40 +708,34 @@ char *
 getsel(void)
 {
 	char *str, *ptr;
-	int y, bufsize, lastx, linelen;
-	const Glyph *gp, *last;
+	int y, lastx, linelen;
+	const Glyph *gp, *lgp;
 
-	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
+	if (sel.ob.x == -1 || sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
 		return NULL;
 
-	bufsize = (term.col+1) * (sel.ne.y-sel.nb.y+1) * UTF_SIZ;
-	ptr = str = xmalloc(bufsize);
+	str = xmalloc((term.col + 1) * (sel.ne.y - sel.nb.y + 1) * UTF_SIZ);
+	ptr = str;
 
 	/* append every set & selected glyph to the selection */
 	for (y = sel.nb.y; y <= sel.ne.y; y++) {
-		if ((linelen = tlinelen(y)) == 0) {
+		Line line = TLINE(y);
+
+		if ((linelen = tlinelen(line)) == 0) {
 			*ptr++ = '\n';
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.x];
+			gp = &line[sel.nb.x];
 			lastx = sel.ne.x;
 		} else {
-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
+			gp = &line[sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
 			lastx = (sel.ne.y == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
 		}
-		last = &term.line[y][MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
-		while (last >= gp && last->u == ' ')
-			--last;
-
-		for ( ; gp <= last; ++gp) {
-			if (gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
-				continue;
-
-			ptr += utf8encode(gp->u, ptr);
-		}
+		lgp = &line[MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
 
+		ptr = tgetglyphs(ptr, gp, lgp);
 		/*
 		 * Copy and pasting of line endings is inconsistent
 		 * in the inconsistent terminal and GUI world.
@@ -661,10 +746,10 @@ getsel(void)
 		 * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
 		 */
 		if ((y < sel.ne.y || lastx >= linelen) &&
-		    (!(last->mode & ATTR_WRAP) || sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR))
+		    (!(lgp->mode & ATTR_WRAP) || sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR))
 			*ptr++ = '\n';
 	}
-	*ptr = 0;
+	*ptr = '\0';
 	return str;
 }
 
@@ -673,9 +758,15 @@ selclear(void)
 {
 	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
 		return;
+	selremove();
+	tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
+}
+
+void
+selremove(void)
+{
 	sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
 	sel.ob.x = -1;
-	tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
 }
 
 void
@@ -880,6 +971,7 @@ ttywrite(const char *s, size_t n, int may_echo)
 {
 	const char *next;
 
+	kscrolldown(&((Arg){ .i = term.scr }));
 	if (may_echo && IS_SET(MODE_ECHO))
 		twrite(s, n, 1);
 
@@ -1015,7 +1107,7 @@ tsetdirtattr(int attr)
 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
 			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr) {
-				tsetdirt(i, i);
+				term.dirty[i] = 1;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -1026,7 +1118,8 @@ void
 tfulldirt(void)
 {
 	tsync_end();
-	tsetdirt(0, term.row-1);
+  	for (int i = 0; i < term.row; i++)
+		term.dirty[i] = 1;
 }
 
 void
@@ -1043,110 +1136,258 @@ tcursor(int mode)
 	}
 }
 
+void
+tresetcursor(void)
+{
+	term.c = (TCursor){ { .mode = ATTR_NULL, .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg },
+	                    .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT };
+}
+
 void
 treset(void)
 {
 	uint i;
+  int x, y;
 
-	term.c = (TCursor){{
-		.mode = ATTR_NULL,
-		.fg = defaultfg,
-		.bg = defaultbg
-	}, .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT};
+	tresetcursor();
 
 	memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
 	for (i = tabspaces; i < term.col; i += tabspaces)
 		term.tabs[i] = 1;
 	term.top = 0;
+	term.histf = 0;
+	term.scr = 0;
 	term.bot = term.row - 1;
 	term.mode = MODE_WRAP|MODE_UTF8;
 	memset(term.trantbl, CS_USA, sizeof(term.trantbl));
 	term.charset = 0;
 
+  selremove();
 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-		tmoveto(0, 0);
-		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
-		tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
+  	tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE); /* reset saved cursor */
+		for (y = 0; y < term.row; y++)
+			for (x = 0; x < term.col; x++)
+				tclearglyph(&term.line[y][x], 0);
 		tswapscreen();
 	}
+  tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
 tnew(int col, int row)
 {
-	term = (Term){ .c = { .attr = { .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg } } };
-	tresize(col, row);
-	treset();
+	int i, j;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+		term.line = xmalloc(row * sizeof(Line));
+		for (j = 0; j < row; j++)
+			term.line[j] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+		term.col = col, term.row = row;
+		tswapscreen();
+	}
+	term.dirty = xmalloc(row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
+	term.tabs = xmalloc(col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
+	for (i = 0; i < HISTSIZE; i++)
+		term.hist[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+  treset();
 }
 
+/* handle it with care */
 void
 tswapscreen(void)
 {
-	Line *tmp = term.line;
+	static Line *altline;
+	static int altcol, altrow;
+	Line *tmpline = term.line;
+	int tmpcol = term.col, tmprow = term.row;
 
-	term.line = term.alt;
-	term.alt = tmp;
+	term.line = altline;
+	term.col = altcol, term.row = altrow;
+	altline = tmpline;
+	altcol = tmpcol, altrow = tmprow;
 	term.mode ^= MODE_ALTSCREEN;
+}
+
+void
+tloaddefscreen(int clear, int loadcursor)
+{
+	int col, row, alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+
+	if (alt) {
+		if (clear)
+			tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
+		col = term.col, row = term.row;
+		tswapscreen();
+	}
+	if (loadcursor)
+		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
+	if (alt)
+		tresizedef(col, row);
+}
+
+void
+tloadaltscreen(int clear, int savecursor)
+{
+	int col, row, def = !IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+
+	if (savecursor)
+		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
+	if (def) {
+		col = term.col, row = term.row;
+		tswapscreen();
+		term.scr = 0;
+		tresizealt(col, row);
+	}
+	if (clear)
+		tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
+}
+
+int
+tisaltscreen(void)
+{
+	return IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+}
+
+void
+kscrolldown(const Arg* a)
+{
+	int n = a->i;
+
+	if (!term.scr || IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		return;
+
+	if (n < 0)
+		n = MAX(term.row / -n, 1);
+
+	if (n <= term.scr) {
+		term.scr -= n;
+	} else {
+		n = term.scr;
+		term.scr = 0;
+	}
+
+	if (sel.ob.x != -1 && !sel.alt)
+		selmove(-n); /* negate change in term.scr */
 	tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
-tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
+kscrollup(const Arg* a)
 {
-	int i;
+	int n = a->i;
+
+	if (!term.histf || IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		return;
+
+	if (n < 0)
+		n = MAX(term.row / -n, 1);
+
+	if (term.scr + n <= term.histf) {
+		term.scr += n;
+	} else {
+		n = term.histf - term.scr;
+		term.scr = term.histf;
+	}
+
+	if (sel.ob.x != -1 && !sel.alt)
+		selmove(n); /* negate change in term.scr */
+	tfulldirt();
+}
+
+void
+tscrolldown(int top, int n)
+{
+	int i, bot = term.bot;
 	Line temp;
 
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
+	if (n <= 0)
+		return;
+	n = MIN(n, bot-top+1);
 
-	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n);
-	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot);
+	tsetdirt(top, bot-n);
+	tclearregion(0, bot-n+1, term.col-1, bot, 1);
 
-	for (i = term.bot; i >= orig+n; i--) {
+	for (i = bot; i >= top+n; i--) {
 		temp = term.line[i];
 		term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
 		term.line[i-n] = temp;
 	}
 
-	selscroll(orig, n);
+	if (sel.ob.x != -1 && sel.alt == IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		selscroll(top, bot, n);
 }
 
 void
-tscrollup(int orig, int n)
+tscrollup(int top, int bot, int n, int mode)
 {
-	int i;
+	int i, j, s;
+	int alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+	int savehist = !alt && top == 0 && mode != SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST;
 	Line temp;
 
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
+	if (n <= 0)
+		return;
+	n = MIN(n, bot-top+1);
 
-	tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
-	tsetdirt(orig+n, term.bot);
+	if (savehist) {
+		for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+			term.histi = (term.histi + 1) % HISTSIZE;
+			temp = term.hist[term.histi];
+			for (j = 0; j < term.col; j++)
+				tclearglyph(&temp[j], 1);
+			term.hist[term.histi] = term.line[i];
+			term.line[i] = temp;
+		}
+		term.histf = MIN(term.histf + n, HISTSIZE);
+		s = n;
+		if (term.scr) {
+			j = term.scr;
+			term.scr = MIN(j + n, HISTSIZE);
+			s = j + n - term.scr;
+		}
+		if (mode != SCROLL_RESIZE)
+			tfulldirt();
+	} else {
+		tclearregion(0, top, term.col-1, top+n-1, 1);
+		tsetdirt(top+n, bot);
+	}
 
-	for (i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) {
+	for (i = top; i <= bot-n; i++) {
 		temp = term.line[i];
 		term.line[i] = term.line[i+n];
 		term.line[i+n] = temp;
 	}
 
-	selscroll(orig, -n);
+	if (sel.ob.x != -1 && sel.alt == alt) {
+		if (!savehist) {
+			selscroll(top, bot, -n);
+		} else if (s > 0) {
+			selmove(-s);
+			if (-term.scr + sel.nb.y < -term.histf)
+				selremove();
+		}
+	}
 }
 
 void
-selscroll(int orig, int n)
+selmove(int n)
 {
-	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
-		return;
+	sel.ob.y += n, sel.nb.y += n;
+	sel.oe.y += n, sel.ne.y += n;
+}
 
-	if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, orig, term.bot) != BETWEEN(sel.ne.y, orig, term.bot)) {
+void
+selscroll(int top, int bot, int n)
+{
+	/* turn absolute coordinates into relative */
+	top += term.scr, bot += term.scr;
+
+	if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, top, bot) != BETWEEN(sel.ne.y, top, bot)) {
 		selclear();
-	} else if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, orig, term.bot)) {
-		sel.ob.y += n;
-		sel.oe.y += n;
-		if (sel.ob.y < term.top || sel.ob.y > term.bot ||
-		    sel.oe.y < term.top || sel.oe.y > term.bot) {
+	} else if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, top, bot)) {
+		selmove(n);
+		if (sel.nb.y < top || sel.ne.y > bot)
 			selclear();
-		} else {
-			selnormalize();
-		}
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1156,7 +1397,7 @@ tnewline(int first_col)
 	int y = term.c.y;
 
 	if (y == term.bot) {
-		tscrollup(term.top, 1);
+		tscrollup(term.top, term.bot, 1, SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
 	} else {
 		y++;
 	}
@@ -1269,78 +1510,82 @@ tsetchar(Rune u, const Glyph *attr, int x, int y)
 	} else if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
 		term.line[y][x-1].u = ' ';
 		term.line[y][x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
-	}
+  }
 
 	term.dirty[y] = 1;
 	term.line[y][x] = *attr;
 	term.line[y][x].u = u;
+	term.line[y][x].mode |= ATTR_SET;
 
 	if (isboxdraw(u))
 		term.line[y][x].mode |= ATTR_BOXDRAW;
 }
 
 void
-tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+tclearglyph(Glyph *gp, int usecurattr)
 {
-	int x, y, temp;
-	Glyph *gp;
+	if (usecurattr) {
+		gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
+		gp->bg = term.c.attr.bg;
+	} else {
+		gp->fg = defaultfg;
+		gp->bg = defaultbg;
+	}
+	gp->mode = ATTR_NULL;
+	gp->u = ' ';
+}
 
-	if (x1 > x2)
-		temp = x1, x1 = x2, x2 = temp;
-	if (y1 > y2)
-		temp = y1, y1 = y2, y2 = temp;
+void
+tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int usecurattr)
+{
+	int x, y;
 
-	LIMIT(x1, 0, term.col-1);
-	LIMIT(x2, 0, term.col-1);
-	LIMIT(y1, 0, term.row-1);
-	LIMIT(y2, 0, term.row-1);
+	/* regionselected() takes relative coordinates */
+	if (regionselected(x1+term.scr, y1+term.scr, x2+term.scr, y2+term.scr))
+		selremove();
 
 	for (y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
 		term.dirty[y] = 1;
-		for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++) {
-			gp = &term.line[y][x];
-			if (selected(x, y))
-				selclear();
-			gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
-			gp->bg = term.c.attr.bg;
-			gp->mode = 0;
-			gp->u = ' ';
-		}
+		for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++)
+			tclearglyph(&term.line[y][x], usecurattr);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tdeletechar(int n)
 {
-	int dst, src, size;
-	Glyph *line;
-
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.col - term.c.x);
+	int src, dst, size;
+	Line line;
 
+	if (n <= 0)
+		return;
 	dst = term.c.x;
-	src = term.c.x + n;
+	src = MIN(term.c.x + n, term.col);
 	size = term.col - src;
-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
-
-	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
-	tclearregion(term.col-n, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+	if (size > 0) { /* otherwise src would point beyond the array
+	                   https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29844298 */
+		line = term.line[term.c.y];
+		memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
+	}
+	tclearregion(dst + size, term.c.y, term.col - 1, term.c.y, 1);
 }
 
 void
 tinsertblank(int n)
 {
-	int dst, src, size;
-	Glyph *line;
+	int src, dst, size;
+	Line line;
 
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.col - term.c.x);
-
-	dst = term.c.x + n;
+	if (n <= 0)
+		return;
+	dst = MIN(term.c.x + n, term.col);
 	src = term.c.x;
 	size = term.col - dst;
-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
-
-	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
-	tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y);
+	if (size > 0) { /* otherwise dst would point beyond the array */
+		line = term.line[term.c.y];
+		memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
+	}
+	tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y, 1);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1354,7 +1599,7 @@ void
 tdeleteline(int n)
 {
 	if (BETWEEN(term.c.y, term.top, term.bot))
-		tscrollup(term.c.y, n);
+		tscrollup(term.c.y, term.bot, n, SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST);
 }
 
 int32_t
@@ -1551,7 +1796,7 @@ tsetscroll(int t, int b)
 void
 tsetmode(int priv, int set, const int *args, int narg)
 {
-	int alt; const int *lim;
+	const int *lim;
 
 	for (lim = args + narg; args < lim; ++args) {
 		if (priv) {
@@ -1612,25 +1857,18 @@ tsetmode(int priv, int set, const int *args, int narg)
 				xsetmode(set, MODE_8BIT);
 				break;
 			case 1049: /* swap screen & set/restore cursor as xterm */
-				if (!allowaltscreen)
-					break;
-				tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
-				/* FALLTHROUGH */
 			case 47: /* swap screen */
-			case 1047:
+			case 1047: /* swap screen, clearing alternate screen */
 				if (!allowaltscreen)
 					break;
-				alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
-				if (alt) {
-					tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1,
-							term.row-1);
-				}
-				if (set ^ alt) /* set is always 1 or 0 */
-					tswapscreen();
-				if (*args != 1049)
-					break;
-				/* FALLTHROUGH */
+				if (set)
+					tloadaltscreen(*args == 1049, *args == 1049);
+				else
+					tloaddefscreen(*args == 1047, *args == 1049);
+				break;
 			case 1048:
+				if (!allowaltscreen)
+          break;
 				tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
 				break;
 			case 2004: /* 2004: bracketed paste mode */
@@ -1682,7 +1920,7 @@ void
 csihandle(void)
 {
 	char buf[40];
-	int len;
+	int n, x;
 
 	switch (csiescseq.mode[0]) {
 	default:
@@ -1780,20 +2018,30 @@ csihandle(void)
 	case 'J': /* ED -- Clear screen */
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0: /* below */
-			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
 			if (term.c.y < term.row-1) {
-				tclearregion(0, term.c.y+1, term.col-1,
-						term.row-1);
+				tclearregion(0, term.c.y+1, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 1: /* above */
-			if (term.c.y > 1)
-				tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1);
-			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+			if (term.c.y >= 1)
+				tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1, 1);
+			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		case 2: /* all */
-			tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
-			break;
+			if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)) {
+  			tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
+  			break;
+      }
+			/* vte does this:
+			tscrollup(0, term.row-1, term.row, SCROLL_SAVEHIST); */
+      
+			/* alacritty does this: */
+			for (n = term.row-1; n >= 0 && tlinelen(term.line[n]) == 0; n--);
+			if (n >= 0)
+				tscrollup(0, term.row-1, n+1, SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
+			tscrollup(0, term.row-1, term.row-n-1, SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST);
+      break;
 		default:
 			goto unknown;
 		}
@@ -1801,20 +2049,20 @@ csihandle(void)
 	case 'K': /* EL -- Clear line */
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0: /* right */
-			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1,
-					term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		case 1: /* left */
-			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		case 2: /* all */
-			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'S': /* SU -- Scroll <n> line up */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
-		tscrollup(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0]);
+		/* xterm, urxvt, alacritty save this in history */
+		tscrollup(term.top, term.bot, csiescseq.arg[0], SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
 		break;
 	case 'T': /* SD -- Scroll <n> line down */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
@@ -1832,9 +2080,11 @@ csihandle(void)
 		tdeleteline(csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'X': /* ECH -- Erase <n> char */
+		if (csiescseq.arg[0] < 0)
+			return;
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
-		tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y,
-				term.c.x + csiescseq.arg[0] - 1, term.c.y);
+		x = MIN(term.c.x + csiescseq.arg[0], term.col) - 1;
+		tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, x, term.c.y, 1);
 		break;
 	case 'P': /* DCH -- Delete <n> char */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
@@ -1860,9 +2110,9 @@ csihandle(void)
 			ttywrite("\033[0n", sizeof("\033[0n") - 1, 0);
 			break;
 		case 6: /* Report Cursor Position (CPR) "<row>;<column>R" */
-			len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[%i;%iR",
+			n = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[%i;%iR",
 			               term.c.y+1, term.c.x+1);
-			ttywrite(buf, len, 0);
+			ttywrite(buf, n, 0);
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto unknown;
@@ -2166,16 +2416,8 @@ tdumpsel(void)
 void
 tdumpline(int n)
 {
-	char buf[UTF_SIZ];
-	const Glyph *bp, *end;
-
-	bp = &term.line[n][0];
-	end = &bp[MIN(tlinelen(n), term.col) - 1];
-	if (bp != end || bp->u != ' ') {
-		for ( ; bp <= end; ++bp)
-			tprinter(buf, utf8encode(bp->u, buf));
-	}
-	tprinter("\n", 1);
+	char str[(term.col + 1) * UTF_SIZ];
+  tprinter(str, tgetline(str, &term.line[n][0]));
 }
 
 void
@@ -2396,7 +2638,7 @@ eschandle(uchar ascii)
 		return 0;
 	case 'D': /* IND -- Linefeed */
 		if (term.c.y == term.bot) {
-			tscrollup(term.top, 1);
+			tscrollup(term.top, term.bot, 1, SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
 		} else {
 			tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y+1);
 		}
@@ -2552,7 +2794,8 @@ check_control_code:
 		 */
 		return;
 	}
-	if (selected(term.c.x, term.c.y))
+	/* selected() takes relative coordinates */
+	if (selected(term.c.x + term.scr, term.c.y + term.scr))
 		selclear();
 
 	gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
@@ -2587,6 +2830,7 @@ check_control_code:
 	if (term.c.x+width < term.col) {
 		tmoveto(term.c.x+width, term.c.y);
 	} else {
+		term.wrapcwidth[IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)] = width;
 		term.c.state |= CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
 	}
 }
@@ -2631,85 +2875,275 @@ twrite(const char *buf, int buflen, int show_ctrl)
 }
 
 void
-tresize(int col, int row)
+treflow(int col, int row)
 {
-	int i;
-	int minrow = MIN(row, term.row);
-	int mincol = MIN(col, term.col);
-	int *bp;
-	TCursor c;
+	int i, j;
+	int oce, nce, bot, scr;
+	int ox = 0, oy = -term.histf, nx = 0, ny = -1, len;
+	int cy = -1; /* proxy for new y coordinate of cursor */
+	int nlines;
+	Line *buf, line;
 
-	if (col < 1 || row < 1) {
-		fprintf(stderr,
-		        "tresize: error resizing to %dx%d\n", col, row);
-		return;
+	/* y coordinate of cursor line end */
+	for (oce = term.c.y; oce < term.row - 1 &&
+	                     tiswrapped(term.line[oce]); oce++);
+
+	nlines = term.histf + oce + 1;
+	if (col < term.col) {
+		/* each line can take this many lines after reflow */
+		j = (term.col + col - 1) / col;
+		nlines = j * nlines;
+		if (nlines > HISTSIZE + RESIZEBUFFER + row) {
+			nlines = HISTSIZE + RESIZEBUFFER + row;
+			oy = -(nlines / j - oce - 1);
+		}
 	}
+	buf = xmalloc(nlines * sizeof(Line));
+	do {
+		if (!nx)
+			buf[++ny] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+		if (!ox) {
+			line = TLINEABS(oy);
+			len = tlinelen(line);
+		}
+		if (oy == term.c.y) {
+			if (!ox)
+				len = MAX(len, term.c.x + 1);
+			/* update cursor */
+			if (cy < 0 && term.c.x - ox < col - nx) {
+				term.c.x = nx + term.c.x - ox, cy = ny;
+				UPDATEWRAPNEXT(0, col);
+			}
+		}
+		/* get reflowed lines in buf */
+		if (col - nx > len - ox) {
+			memcpy(&buf[ny][nx], &line[ox], (len-ox) * sizeof(Glyph));
+			nx += len - ox;
+			if (len == 0 || !(line[len - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)) {
+				for (j = nx; j < col; j++)
+					tclearglyph(&buf[ny][j], 0);
+				nx = 0;
+			} else if (nx > 0) {
+				buf[ny][nx - 1].mode &= ~ATTR_WRAP;
+			}
+			ox = 0, oy++;
+		} else if (col - nx == len - ox) {
+			memcpy(&buf[ny][nx], &line[ox], (col-nx) * sizeof(Glyph));
+			ox = 0, oy++, nx = 0;
+		} else/* if (col - nx < len - ox) */ {
+			memcpy(&buf[ny][nx], &line[ox], (col-nx) * sizeof(Glyph));
+    	ox += col - nx;
+			buf[ny][col - 1].mode |= ATTR_WRAP;
+			nx = 0;
+		}
+	} while (oy <= oce);
+	if (nx)
+		for (j = nx; j < col; j++)
+			tclearglyph(&buf[ny][j], 0);
 
-	/*
-	 * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
-	 * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
-	 * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++) {
+	/* free extra lines */
+	for (i = row; i < term.row; i++)
 		free(term.line[i]);
-		free(term.alt[i]);
-	}
-	/* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
-	if (i > 0) {
-		memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
-		memmove(term.alt, term.alt + i, row * sizeof(Line));
-	}
-	for (i += row; i < term.row; i++) {
-		free(term.line[i]);
-		free(term.alt[i]);
-	}
-
 	/* resize to new height */
 	term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
-	term.alt  = xrealloc(term.alt,  row * sizeof(Line));
+
+	bot = MIN(ny, row - 1);
+	scr = MAX(row - term.row, 0);
+	/* update y coordinate of cursor line end */
+	nce = MIN(oce + scr, bot);
+	/* update cursor y coordinate */
+	term.c.y = nce - (ny - cy);
+	if (term.c.y < 0) {
+		j = nce, nce = MIN(nce + -term.c.y, bot);
+		term.c.y += nce - j;
+		while (term.c.y < 0) {
+			free(buf[ny--]);
+			term.c.y++;
+		}
+	}
+	/* allocate new rows */
+	for (i = row - 1; i > nce; i--) {
+		term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
+			tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+	}
+	/* fill visible area */
+	for (/*i = nce */; i >= term.row; i--, ny--)
+		term.line[i] = buf[ny];
+	for (/*i = term.row - 1 */; i >= 0; i--, ny--) {
+		free(term.line[i]);
+		term.line[i] = buf[ny];
+	}
+	/* fill lines in history buffer and update term.histf */
+	for (/*i = -1 */; ny >= 0 && i >= -HISTSIZE; i--, ny--) {
+		j = (term.histi + i + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE;
+		free(term.hist[j]);
+		term.hist[j] = buf[ny];
+	}
+	term.histf = -i - 1;
+	term.scr = MIN(term.scr, term.histf);
+	/* resize rest of the history lines */
+	for (/*i = -term.histf - 1 */; i >= -HISTSIZE; i--) {
+		j = (term.histi + i + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE;
+		term.hist[j] = xrealloc(term.hist[j], col * sizeof(Glyph));
+	}
+	free(buf);
+}
+
+void
+rscrolldown(int n)
+{
+	int i;
+	Line temp;
+
+	/* can never be true as of now
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		return; */
+
+	if ((n = MIN(n, term.histf)) <= 0)
+		return;
+
+	for (i = term.c.y + n; i >= n; i--) {
+		temp = term.line[i];
+		term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
+		term.line[i-n] = temp;
+	}
+	for (/*i = n - 1 */; i >= 0; i--) {
+		temp = term.line[i];
+		term.line[i] = term.hist[term.histi];
+		term.hist[term.histi] = temp;
+		term.histi = (term.histi - 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE;
+	}
+	term.c.y += n;
+	term.histf -= n;
+	if ((i = term.scr - n) >= 0) {
+		term.scr = i;
+	} else {
+		term.scr = 0;
+		if (sel.ob.x != -1 && !sel.alt)
+			selmove(-i);
+	}
+}
+
+void
+tresize(int col, int row)
+{
+	int *bp;
+
+	/* col and row are always MAX(_, 1)
+	if (col < 1 || row < 1) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "tresize: error resizing to %dx%d\n", col, row);
+		return;
+	} */
+
 	term.dirty = xrealloc(term.dirty, row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
 	term.tabs = xrealloc(term.tabs, col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
-
-	/* resize each row to new width, zero-pad if needed */
-	for (i = 0; i < minrow; i++) {
-		term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
-		term.alt[i]  = xrealloc(term.alt[i],  col * sizeof(Glyph));
-	}
-
-	/* allocate any new rows */
-	for (/* i = minrow */; i < row; i++) {
-		term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
-		term.alt[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
-	}
 	if (col > term.col) {
 		bp = term.tabs + term.col;
-
 		memset(bp, 0, sizeof(*term.tabs) * (col - term.col));
 		while (--bp > term.tabs && !*bp)
 			/* nothing */ ;
 		for (bp += tabspaces; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += tabspaces)
 			*bp = 1;
 	}
-	/* update terminal size */
-	term.col = col;
-	term.row = row;
-	/* reset scrolling region */
-	tsetscroll(0, row-1);
-	/* make use of the LIMIT in tmoveto */
-	tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
-	/* Clearing both screens (it makes dirty all lines) */
-	c = term.c;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-		if (mincol < col && 0 < minrow) {
-			tclearregion(mincol, 0, col - 1, minrow - 1);
-		}
-		if (0 < col && minrow < row) {
-			tclearregion(0, minrow, col - 1, row - 1);
-		}
-		tswapscreen();
-		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		tresizealt(col, row);
+	else
+		tresizedef(col, row);
+}
+
+void
+tresizedef(int col, int row)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	/* return if dimensions haven't changed */
+	if (term.col == col && term.row == row) {
+		tfulldirt();
+		return;
 	}
-	term.c = c;
+	if (col != term.col) {
+		if (!sel.alt)
+			selremove();
+		treflow(col, row);
+	} else {
+		/* slide screen up if otherwise cursor would get out of the screen */
+		if (term.c.y >= row) {
+			tscrollup(0, term.row - 1, term.c.y - row + 1, SCROLL_RESIZE);
+			term.c.y = row - 1;
+		}
+		for (i = row; i < term.row; i++)
+			free(term.line[i]);
+
+		/* resize to new height */
+		term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
+		/* allocate any new rows */
+		for (i = term.row; i < row; i++) {
+			term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
+				tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+		}
+		/* scroll down as much as height has increased */
+		rscrolldown(row - term.row);
+	}
+	/* update terminal size */
+	term.col = col, term.row = row;
+	/* reset scrolling region */
+	term.top = 0, term.bot = row - 1;
+	/* dirty all lines */
+	tfulldirt();
+}
+
+void
+tresizealt(int col, int row)
+{
+	int i, j;
+
+	/* return if dimensions haven't changed */
+	if (term.col == col && term.row == row) {
+		tfulldirt();
+		return;
+	}
+	if (sel.alt)
+		selremove();
+	/* slide screen up if otherwise cursor would get out of the screen */
+	for (i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++)
+		free(term.line[i]);
+	if (i > 0) {
+		/* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
+		memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
+		term.c.y = row - 1;
+	}
+	for (i += row; i < term.row; i++)
+		free(term.line[i]);
+	/* resize to new height */
+	term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
+	/* resize to new width */
+	for (i = 0; i < MIN(row, term.row); i++) {
+		term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
+		for (j = term.col; j < col; j++)
+			tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+	}
+	/* allocate any new rows */
+	for (/*i = MIN(row, term.row) */; i < row; i++) {
+		term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+		for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
+			tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+	}
+	/* update cursor */
+	if (term.c.x >= col) {
+		term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
+		term.c.x = col - 1;
+	} else {
+		UPDATEWRAPNEXT(1, col);
+	}
+	/* update terminal size */
+	term.col = col, term.row = row;
+	/* reset scrolling region */
+	term.top = 0, term.bot = row - 1;
+	/* dirty all lines */
+	tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
@@ -2728,7 +3162,7 @@ drawregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 			continue;
 
 		term.dirty[y] = 0;
-		xdrawline(term.line[y], x1, y, x2);
+		xdrawline(TLINE(y), x1, y, x2);
 	}
 }
 
diff --git a/st.h b/st.h
index d0c8b8b..e60ae3b 100644
--- a/st.h
+++ b/st.h
@@ -23,18 +23,20 @@
 
 enum glyph_attribute {
 	ATTR_NULL       = 0,
-	ATTR_BOLD       = 1 << 0,
-	ATTR_FAINT      = 1 << 1,
-	ATTR_ITALIC     = 1 << 2,
-	ATTR_UNDERLINE  = 1 << 3,
-	ATTR_BLINK      = 1 << 4,
-	ATTR_REVERSE    = 1 << 5,
-	ATTR_INVISIBLE  = 1 << 6,
-	ATTR_STRUCK     = 1 << 7,
-	ATTR_WRAP       = 1 << 8,
-	ATTR_WIDE       = 1 << 9,
-	ATTR_WDUMMY     = 1 << 10,
+	ATTR_SET        = 1 << 0,
+	ATTR_BOLD       = 1 << 1,
+	ATTR_FAINT      = 1 << 2,
+	ATTR_ITALIC     = 1 << 3,
+	ATTR_UNDERLINE  = 1 << 4,
+	ATTR_BLINK      = 1 << 5,
+	ATTR_REVERSE    = 1 << 6,
+	ATTR_INVISIBLE  = 1 << 7,
+	ATTR_STRUCK     = 1 << 8,
+	ATTR_WRAP       = 1 << 9,
+	ATTR_WIDE       = 1 << 10,
+	ATTR_WDUMMY     = 1 << 11,
 	ATTR_BOXDRAW    = 1 << 11,
+	ATTR_SELECTED   = 1 << 12,
 	ATTR_BOLD_FAINT = ATTR_BOLD | ATTR_FAINT,
 	ATTR_DIRTYUNDERLINE = 1 << 15,
 };
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@ void die(const char *, ...);
 void redraw(void);
 void draw(void);
 
+void kscrolldown(const Arg *);
+void kscrollup(const Arg *);
 void printscreen(const Arg *);
 void printsel(const Arg *);
 void sendbreak(const Arg *);
@@ -99,6 +103,7 @@ void toggleprinter(const Arg *);
 
 int tattrset(int);
 void tnew(int, int);
+int tisaltscreen(void);
 void tresize(int, int);
 void tsetdirtattr(int);
 void ttyhangup(void);
diff --git a/x.c b/x.c
index eb2f135..bb1901b 100644
--- a/x.c
+++ b/x.c
@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ char *argv0;
 #include "arg.h"
 #include "st.h"
 #include "win.h"
+#include "hb.h"
 
 /* types used in config.h */
 typedef struct {
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ typedef struct {
 } DC;
 
 static inline ushort sixd_to_16bit(int);
+static void xresetfontsettings(ushort mode, Font **font, int *frcflags);
 static int xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *, const Glyph *, int, int, int);
 static void xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *, Glyph, int, int, int);
 static void xdrawglyph(Glyph, int, int);
@@ -796,7 +798,7 @@ xresize(int col, int row)
 	xclear(0, 0, win.w, win.h);
 
 	/* resize to new width */
-	xw.specbuf = xrealloc(xw.specbuf, col * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
+	xw.specbuf = xrealloc(xw.specbuf, col * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec) * 4);
 }
 
 ushort
@@ -1108,6 +1110,9 @@ xunloadfont(Font *f)
 void
 xunloadfonts(void)
 {
+	/* Clear Harfbuzz font cache. */
+	hbunloadfonts();
+
 	/* Free the loaded fonts in the font cache.  */
 	while (frclen > 0)
 		XftFontClose(xw.dpy, frc[--frclen].font);
@@ -1239,7 +1244,7 @@ xinit(int cols, int rows)
 	XFillRectangle(xw.dpy, xw.buf, dc.gc, 0, 0, win.w, win.h);
 
 	/* font spec buffer */
-	xw.specbuf = xmalloc(cols * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec));
+	xw.specbuf = xmalloc(cols * sizeof(GlyphFontSpec) * 4);
 
 	/* Xft rendering context */
 	xw.draw = XftDrawCreate(xw.dpy, xw.buf, xw.vis, xw.cmap);
@@ -1293,6 +1298,22 @@ xinit(int cols, int rows)
 		xsel.xtarget = XA_STRING;
 }
 
+void
+xresetfontsettings(ushort mode, Font **font, int *frcflags)
+{
+	*font = &dc.font;
+	if ((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
+		*font = &dc.ibfont;
+		*frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
+	} else if (mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
+		*font = &dc.ifont;
+		*frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
+	} else if (mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
+		*font = &dc.bfont;
+		*frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
+	}
+}
+
 int
 xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x, int y)
 {
@@ -1307,119 +1328,148 @@ xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x
 	FcPattern *fcpattern, *fontpattern;
 	FcFontSet *fcsets[] = { NULL };
 	FcCharSet *fccharset;
-	int i, f, numspecs = 0;
+	int i, f, length = 0, start = 0, numspecs = 0;
+  float cluster_xp = xp, cluster_yp = yp;
+	HbTransformData shaped = { 0 };
+
+	/* Initial values. */
+	mode = prevmode = glyphs[0].mode;
+	xresetfontsettings(mode, &font, &frcflags);
 
 	for (i = 0, xp = winx, yp = winy + font->ascent; i < len; ++i) {
-		/* Fetch rune and mode for current glyph. */
-		rune = glyphs[i].u;
 		mode = glyphs[i].mode;
 
 		/* Skip dummy wide-character spacing. */
-		if (mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
+		if (mode & ATTR_WDUMMY && i < (len - 1))
 			continue;
 
-		/* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
-		if (prevmode != mode) {
-			prevmode = mode;
-			font = &dc.font;
-			frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
-			runewidth = win.cw * ((mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
-			if ((mode & ATTR_ITALIC) && (mode & ATTR_BOLD)) {
-				font = &dc.ibfont;
-				frcflags = FRC_ITALICBOLD;
-			} else if (mode & ATTR_ITALIC) {
-				font = &dc.ifont;
-				frcflags = FRC_ITALIC;
-			} else if (mode & ATTR_BOLD) {
-				font = &dc.bfont;
-				frcflags = FRC_BOLD;
-			}
-			yp = winy + font->ascent;
-		}
-
-		/* Lookup character index with default font. */
-		glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, font->match, rune);
-		if (glyphidx) {
-			specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
-			specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
-			specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
-			specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
-			xp += runewidth;
-			numspecs++;
-			continue;
-		}
-
-		/* Fallback on font cache, search the font cache for match. */
-		for (f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
-			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
-			/* Everything correct. */
-			if (glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
-				break;
-			/* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
-			if (!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags
-					&& frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
-				break;
-			}
-		}
-
-		/* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
-		if (f >= frclen) {
-			if (!font->set)
-				font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern,
-				                       1, 0, &fcres);
-			fcsets[0] = font->set;
-
-			/*
-			 * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
-			 * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
-			 * font for one single character.
-			 *
-			 * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
-			 */
-			fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
-			fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
-
-			FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
-			FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
-					fccharset);
-			FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);
-
-			FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
-					FcMatchPattern);
-			FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
-
-			fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
-					fcpattern, &fcres);
-
-			/* Allocate memory for the new cache entry. */
-			if (frclen >= frccap) {
-				frccap += 16;
-				frc = xrealloc(frc, frccap * sizeof(Fontcache));
+		if (
+			prevmode != mode
+			|| ATTRCMP(glyphs[start], glyphs[i])
+			|| selected(x + i, y) != selected(x + start, y)
+			|| i == (len - 1)
+		) {
+			/* Handle 1-character wide segments and end of line */
+			length = i - start;
+			if (i == start) {
+				length = 1;
+			} else if (i == (len - 1)) {
+				length = (i - start + 1);
 			}
 
-			frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
-					fontpattern);
-			if (!frc[frclen].font)
-				die("XftFontOpenPattern failed seeking fallback font: %s\n",
-					strerror(errno));
-			frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
-			frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;
+			/* Shape the segment. */
+			hbtransform(&shaped, font->match, glyphs, start, length);
+			runewidth = win.cw * ((glyphs[start].mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
+			cluster_xp = xp; cluster_yp = yp;
+			for (int code_idx = 0; code_idx < shaped.count; code_idx++) {
+				int idx = shaped.glyphs[code_idx].cluster;
 
-			glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);
+				if (glyphs[start + idx].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
+					continue;
 
-			f = frclen;
-			frclen++;
+				/* Advance the drawing cursor if we've moved to a new cluster */
+				if (code_idx > 0 && idx != shaped.glyphs[code_idx - 1].cluster) {
+					xp += runewidth;
+					cluster_xp = xp;
+					cluster_yp = yp;
+					runewidth = win.cw * ((glyphs[start + idx].mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2.0f : 1.0f);
+				}
 
-			FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
-			FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
+				if (shaped.glyphs[code_idx].codepoint != 0) {
+					/* If symbol is found, put it into the specs. */
+					specs[numspecs].font = font->match;
+					specs[numspecs].glyph = shaped.glyphs[code_idx].codepoint;
+					specs[numspecs].x = cluster_xp + (short)(shaped.positions[code_idx].x_offset / 64.);
+					specs[numspecs].y = cluster_yp - (short)(shaped.positions[code_idx].y_offset / 64.);
+					cluster_xp += shaped.positions[code_idx].x_advance / 64.;
+					cluster_yp += shaped.positions[code_idx].y_advance / 64.;
+					numspecs++;
+				} else {
+					/* If it's not found, try to fetch it through the font cache. */
+					rune = glyphs[start + idx].u;
+					for (f = 0; f < frclen; f++) {
+						glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[f].font, rune);
+						/* Everything correct. */
+						if (glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags)
+							break;
+						/* We got a default font for a not found glyph. */
+						if (!glyphidx && frc[f].flags == frcflags
+								&& frc[f].unicodep == rune) {
+							break;
+						}
+					}
+
+					/* Nothing was found. Use fontconfig to find matching font. */
+					if (f >= frclen) {
+						if (!font->set)
+							font->set = FcFontSort(0, font->pattern,
+																		 1, 0, &fcres);
+						fcsets[0] = font->set;
+
+						/*
+						 * Nothing was found in the cache. Now use
+						 * some dozen of Fontconfig calls to get the
+						 * font for one single character.
+						 *
+						 * Xft and fontconfig are design failures.
+						 */
+						fcpattern = FcPatternDuplicate(font->pattern);
+						fccharset = FcCharSetCreate();
+
+						FcCharSetAddChar(fccharset, rune);
+						FcPatternAddCharSet(fcpattern, FC_CHARSET,
+								fccharset);
+						FcPatternAddBool(fcpattern, FC_SCALABLE, 1);
+
+						FcConfigSubstitute(0, fcpattern,
+								FcMatchPattern);
+						FcDefaultSubstitute(fcpattern);
+
+						fontpattern = FcFontSetMatch(0, fcsets, 1,
+								fcpattern, &fcres);
+
+						/* Allocate memory for the new cache entry. */
+						if (frclen >= frccap) {
+							frccap += 16;
+							frc = xrealloc(frc, frccap * sizeof(Fontcache));
+						}
+
+						frc[frclen].font = XftFontOpenPattern(xw.dpy,
+								fontpattern);
+						if (!frc[frclen].font)
+							die("XftFontOpenPattern failed seeking fallback font: %s\n",
+								strerror(errno));
+						frc[frclen].flags = frcflags;
+						frc[frclen].unicodep = rune;
+
+						glyphidx = XftCharIndex(xw.dpy, frc[frclen].font, rune);
+
+						f = frclen;
+						frclen++;
+
+						FcPatternDestroy(fcpattern);
+						FcCharSetDestroy(fccharset);
+					}
+
+					specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
+					specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
+					specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
+					specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
+					numspecs++;
+				}
+			}
+
+			/* Cleanup and get ready for next segment. */
+			hbcleanup(&shaped);
+			start = i;
+
+			/* Determine font for glyph if different from previous glyph. */
+			if (prevmode != mode) {
+				prevmode = mode;
+				xresetfontsettings(mode, &font, &frcflags);
+				yp = winy + font->ascent;
+			}
 		}
-
-		specs[numspecs].font = frc[f].font;
-		specs[numspecs].glyph = glyphidx;
-		specs[numspecs].x = (short)xp;
-		specs[numspecs].y = (short)yp;
-		xp += runewidth;
-		numspecs++;
 	}
 
 	return numspecs;
@@ -1962,7 +2012,7 @@ xdrawglyph(Glyph g, int x, int y)
 }
 
 void
-xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og)
+xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og, Line line, int len)
 {
 	Color drawcol;
 	XRenderColor colbg;
@@ -1970,7 +2020,10 @@ xdrawcursor(int cx, int cy, Glyph g, int ox, int oy, Glyph og)
 	/* remove the old cursor */
 	if (selected(ox, oy))
 		og.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
-	xdrawglyph(og, ox, oy);
+
+	/* Redraw the line where cursor was previously.
+	 * It will restore the ligatures broken by the cursor. */
+	xdrawline(line, 0, oy, len);
 
 	if (IS_SET(MODE_HIDE))
 		return;
@@ -2110,18 +2163,16 @@ xdrawline(Line line, int x1, int y1, int x2)
 	Glyph base, new;
 	XftGlyphFontSpec *specs = xw.specbuf;
 
-	numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[x1], x2 - x1, x1, y1);
 	i = ox = 0;
-	for (x = x1; x < x2 && i < numspecs; x++) {
+	for (x = x1; x < x2; x++) {
 		new = line[x];
 		if (new.mode == ATTR_WDUMMY)
 			continue;
 		if (selected(x, y1))
 			new.mode ^= ATTR_REVERSE;
-		if (i > 0 && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
-			xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
-			specs += i;
-			numspecs -= i;
+		if ((i > 0) && ATTRCMP(base, new)) {
+			numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[ox], x - ox, ox, y1);
+			xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, numspecs, ox, y1);
 			i = 0;
 		}
 		if (i == 0) {
@@ -2130,8 +2181,10 @@ xdrawline(Line line, int x1, int y1, int x2)
 		}
 		i++;
 	}
-	if (i > 0)
-		xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, i, ox, y1);
+	if (i > 0) {
+		numspecs = xmakeglyphfontspecs(specs, &line[ox], x2 - ox, ox, y1);
+		xdrawglyphfontspecs(specs, base, numspecs, ox, y1);
+	}
 }
 
 void